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Battery naming is a thicket of parallel standards: an AA is also LR6 under IEC for alkaline, R6 for zinc-carbon, and MN1500 as a Duracell part number. Cells in series add voltage while capacity stays the same, so four AA cells give 6 V at roughly 2500 mAh.
Series voltage
pack voltage = cell voltage x cells in series
Parallel capacity
cells in parallel add mAh at unchanged voltage
Because lithium iron disulfide chemistry has a higher open-circuit voltage than alkaline, though it is designed to be a drop-in replacement.
No. It is 3.7 V lithium-ion, needs protection circuitry and is physically larger than an AA. Substituting it can destroy equipment.