Work out braking distance instantly with clear inputs, formula shown and shareable results.
Braking distance is v squared over 2 mu g, so it grows with the square of speed: doubling from 45 to 90 km/h quadruples it. Thinking distance grows only linearly, which is why speed matters so much more at higher velocities.
Stopping distance
d = v x t_reaction + v^2 / (2 x mu x g), with mu adjusted for gradient
0.7-0.8 on dry asphalt, 0.4-0.6 wet, 0.2-0.3 on packed snow and as low as 0.1 on ice.
Because kinetic energy scales with velocity squared, and all of it must be dissipated by the brakes. A 10% speed increase adds 21% to the braking distance.