Estimate the total yearly cost of owning a car generally, including depreciation and running costs.
Ownership cost = depreciation + maintenance + insurance + fuel over the ownership period. Depreciation assumes ~18% loss per year, aggressive early and flattening later.
Total
Total = depreciation + maintenance + insurance + fuel
Estimate only — real costs vary by model and location.
Add them separately — they are excluded here for simplicity.
Rates are approximate reference values. Local rates, exemptions and rules can differ, so treat the output as a planning figure only.