Estimate cycling time accounting for gradient, wind and stops.
Headwind costs roughly half its speed from your progress, and a tailwind returns less than that because of the non-linear relationship between power and speed. Climbing costs time regardless of the descent that follows. Descents never recover the time lost climbing, which is why out-and-back routes over hills always take longer than the same distance on the flat.
Cycling Time
Moving time = distance ÷ flat speed, plus penalties for ascent and headwind
Moving time = distance ÷ flat speed, plus penalties for ascent and headwind Headwind costs roughly half its speed from your progress, and a tailwind returns less than that because of the non-linear relationship between power and speed. Climbing costs time regardless of the descent that follows.
Descents never recover the time lost climbing, which is why out-and-back routes over hills always take longer than the same distance on the flat.
This calculator takes 5 inputs: Distance, Speed on the flat, Total ascent, Average headwind, Total stopped time. The pre-filled defaults are a realistic starting point — replace them with figures from your own environment for a result you can act on.