GDP Calculator
Calculate GDP by the expenditure or income approach, plus real GDP and per capita.
About GDP Calculator
GDP measures the total market value of final goods and services produced in an economy. The expenditure approach adds up all spending: GDP = C + I + G + (X − M). Imports are subtracted because they were already counted in C, I, or G. The income approach sums all incomes earned in production. Real GDP adjusts for inflation using the GDP deflator: Real GDP = (Nominal / Deflator) × 100.
Formulas
Expenditure approach
GDP = Consumption + Investment + Government Spending + Net Exports
- C
- Private consumption
- I
- Gross investment
- G
- Government purchases
- X
- Exports
- M
- Imports
Real GDP
Real GDP = (Nominal GDP / GDP Deflator) × 100
- Deflator
- GDP deflator (base year = 100)
Worked example
With the default values below, GDP Calculator returns Nominal GDP of 21,300.00. Change any input above and every figure here is recalculated in your browser.
Inputs used
- Approachone of Expenditure (C + I + G + NX), Income (W + R + P + NI + D + T), Real GDP (Nominal ÷ Deflator)
- Expenditure (C + I + G + NX)
- Household Consumption (C)minimum 0 $ billion
- 14,000 $ billion
- Gross Private Investment (I)minimum 0 $ billion
- 3,500 $ billion
- Government Spending (G)minimum 0 $ billion
- 4,000 $ billion
- Exports (X)minimum 0 $ billion
- 3,000 $ billion
- Imports (M)minimum 0 $ billion
- 3,200 $ billion
- Wages & Salaries (W)minimum 0 $ billion
- 12,000 $ billion
- Rents (R)minimum 0 $ billion
- 800 $ billion
- Corporate Profits (P)minimum 0 $ billion
- 3,000 $ billion
- Net Interest (NI)minimum 0 $ billion
- 800 $ billion
- Depreciation / CCA (D)minimum 0 $ billion
- 2,000 $ billion
- Indirect Taxes (T)minimum 0 $ billion
- 700 $ billion
- Nominal GDPminimum 0 $ billion
- 25,000 $ billion
- GDP Deflatoraccepts 1–10,000
- 115
- Population (optional)minimum 0 millions
- 330 millions
Results
- Nominal GDP
- 21,300.00 $ billion
- Net Exports (X−M)
- -200.00 $ billion
- GDP per Capita
- 64,545 $
- Consumption Share
- 65.7 %
Step by step
- 1Net exports (X − M)= -200 $ billion
- 2GDP = C + I + G + NX= 21300 $ billion
- 3GDP per capita= $64,545,450
Assumptions and limits
- The result is derived only from the 15 inputs listed above. Anything not among them is not part of the calculation.
- In particular, this calculator does not take inflation, fees or charges or compounding frequency into account.
- Figures are rounded for display to 2 decimal places, so totals built from several rounded parts can differ slightly from the unrounded arithmetic.
How these calculators are built and tested is described on the Methodology page. If a figure looks wrong, please report it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why are imports subtracted in GDP?
Imports are not domestic production, but they have already been counted in consumption (C), investment (I), or government spending (G) when people buy foreign goods. Subtracting M corrects for that double-counting, ensuring only domestically produced output is included.
What is the GDP deflator?
The GDP deflator is the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP, expressed as an index with the base year = 100. A deflator of 120 means the price level is 20% higher than the base year. Unlike CPI, the deflator covers all goods produced domestically, not just a consumer basket.
Does GDP include transfer payments?
No. Government transfer payments (Social Security, unemployment benefits, welfare) are not included in G because no goods or services are produced in return. Only government purchases of real goods and services count.
What is a typical US GDP composition?
In the US (2023 approximate): C ≈ 70%, I ≈ 18%, G ≈ 17%, NX ≈ −5%. The negative net exports reflect that the US imports more than it exports.