Work out gene expression fold change instantly with clear inputs, formula shown and shareable results.
Applies the Livak delta delta Ct method: the target is normalised to a reference gene in each sample and then compared between conditions.
Livak method
dCt = Ct target - Ct reference; ddCt = dCt treated - dCt control; fold change = 2^(-ddCt)
That target and reference amplify with equal, near-perfect efficiency; otherwise the Pfaffl method should be used.
At least two validated reference genes are recommended, since single-gene normalisation is often unstable.