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Migration cost splits sharply between rehosting, which is largely mechanical and priced per server, and refactoring, which is software engineering priced per application at an order of magnitude more. Eighteen refactored applications can cost more than 240 rehosted servers, which is why the standard advice is to migrate first and modernise afterwards.
Migration cost
lift and shift = servers x per-server cost; refactoring = applications x per-application cost; total = both
No. Doing both at once multiplies risk and schedule. Rehost to establish the platform, then modernise the applications where the business case justifies it.
Discovery and dependency mapping. Undocumented integrations surface during cutover, and each one adds unplanned work at the worst possible moment.