Work out ozone dose instantly with clear inputs, formula shown and shareable results.
Applied ozone dose times flow gives the mass transferred; dividing by transfer efficiency gives generation capacity needed. Ozone generation from oxygen consumes roughly 8-12 kWh per kilogram. The instantaneous demand from organics and reduced metals must be satisfied before any residual and hence any CT credit is achieved.
Ozone mass
Transferred (kg/day) = flow x dose / 1000; generation = transferred / transfer efficiency
Residual
Residual = applied dose x transfer efficiency - instantaneous demand
Ozone is acutely toxic and a strong oxidant. Generation and contact systems need off-gas destruction, leak detection and ventilation to the applicable safety standard, and bromate formation must be monitored.
Ozone oxidises bromide in the source water to bromate, a regulated carcinogen with a limit typically 10 microgram/L. High bromide waters may not be able to use ozone at the dose required.
No. Ozone decays within minutes, so a secondary disinfectant such as chlorine or chloramine is always needed for distribution. Ozone also increases biodegradable organic carbon, usually requiring biofiltration downstream.