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Crude density divides population by total area, but much of that area may be water, mountain or protected land. Density on habitable land is a far better indicator of actual crowding, and it is often several times the crude figure.
Crude density
Density = Population / Area in square kilometres
Habitable density
Habitable density = Population / (Area x Habitable share %)
Indicative estimate only. Fees, entitlements, limits and formulas vary by jurisdiction, statute, policy wording and the facts of the case. This is not legal, tax, insurance or financial advice — confirm with a qualified professional or the relevant authority.
Because a country that is largely desert or mountain can have low crude density and extremely high effective density where people actually live.
Physiological density divides population by arable land, which is the relevant measure for food self-sufficiency questions.