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The average rate of change is the change in the output divided by the change in the input — the gradient of the straight line joining the two points, Δy/Δx.
Average rate of change
rate = (y₂ − y₁) / (x₂ − x₁)
Δy = 48 over Δx = 6, so the rate is 8 per unit, a 40% increase overall.
This is the mean gradient across the whole interval; the instantaneous rate is the derivative at a single point.