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Transaction throughput is concurrency divided by transaction duration, where duration is the statement work plus one durable commit. Commit latency is the fsync to the write-ahead log, and it dominates when transactions are small: a 1.2 ms fsync on a transaction doing 3.6 ms of work is a quarter of the total, which is why group commit and battery-backed write caches matter so much.
Transaction throughput
transaction time = commit latency + statements x statement time; TPS = concurrent sessions x 1000 / transaction time
The engine batches several transactions' log flushes into one fsync, so per-transaction commit cost falls as concurrency rises. It is why throughput can scale better than the single-transaction latency suggests.
It multiplies throughput but risks losing recently committed transactions on a crash. Acceptable for derived or replayable data, not for financial records.