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Micro-segmentation multiplies out quickly: applications times environments times tiers gives the segment count, and 140 applications with three environments and three tiers is already 1,260 segments. The contrast between the tier-to-tier policy count and the full-mesh figure is the whole argument for identity-based policy — enumerating pairwise rules does not scale.
Segmentation scale
segments = applications x environments x tiers; tiered policies = applications x environments x (tiers - 1) x policies per pair; full mesh = segments x (segments - 1) x policies per pair
Label-based or identity-based policy. Expressing rules as frontend may talk to backend within the same application and environment collapses thousands of pairwise rules into a handful.
With environment separation — keeping production away from development and corporate — then crown-jewel applications. Attempting full micro-segmentation first is how these programmes stall.