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Sizing an access link starts from concurrency, not headcount: 250 users at 30 percent concurrency means 75 active streams. Multiplying by per-user demand gives raw need, and a 20 percent allowance covers TCP and IP headers, retransmissions and short bursts that would otherwise queue. Provisioning for every user simultaneously wastes most of the circuit.
Bandwidth demand
active users = users x concurrency; required = active x per-user rate x (1 + overhead)
It depends on the application. Office productivity work sits around 20 to 40 percent; a call centre with always-on voice approaches 100 percent.
Because the overhead is proportional. Headers, ACKs and retransmissions scale with traffic, so a percentage allowance tracks demand better than a fixed margin.