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Bulk modulus measures resistance to uniform compression: K = -dP/(dV/V). Squeezing water by 0.45% under 10 MPa gives about 2.2 GPa, the accepted value - which is why hydraulic systems behave as if the fluid were rigid. Its reciprocal is compressibility, the figure used in acoustics and reservoir engineering.
Bulk modulus
K = -dP / (dV / V)
Compressibility
beta = 1 / K
Because volume falls as pressure rises. The sign convention keeps the modulus positive.
Very little - about 0.45% per 10 MPa, so a kilometre of seawater depth compresses it by roughly half a percent.