Count citations and references in a document.
In-text citations and bibliography entries are different counts, because the same source is usually cited several times. Multiplying pages by citations per page gives the in-text total, and applying the unique-source ratio collapses it to the reference list length. Converting that to pages at roughly three hundred words per double-spaced page tells you how much of a page limit the references will consume.
Citation counts
In-text citations = pages x citations per page; unique sources = in-text citations x unique ratio
Reference list length
Reference words = unique sources x words per entry; pages = reference words / 300
Conventions vary, but two to four per page is common for undergraduate essays and considerably higher for literature reviews. Follow the assignment brief rather than a general rule.
Usually not, but this varies by institution and must be checked. Appendices and figure captions are treated inconsistently too.