Dice Roller
Roll any dice combination with standard notation and see the distribution.
About Dice Roller
Standard dice notation describes a roll as NdS+M: N dice each with S sides, plus a flat modifier M. The notation is universal in tabletop RPGs (D&D, Pathfinder, Call of Cthulhu) and many board games. This calculator uses the Web Cryptography API (crypto.getRandomValues) to produce cryptographically random results — meaning each outcome is as unpredictable as the hardware allows, with none of the subtle biases that affect pseudorandom generators like Math.random(). The expected value of a single dS roll is (S+1)/2, so the expected value of NdS is N×(S+1)/2, plus any modifier.
Formula
Expected value for NdS±M
Expected value = N × (S+1)/2 + M
- N
- Number of dice
- S
- Number of sides per die
- M
- Flat modifier (positive or negative)
Worked example
With the default values below, Dice Roller returns Result of 10. Change any input above and every figure here is recalculated in your browser.
Inputs used
- Dice Notation
- 2d6+3
- Number of Rollsaccepts 1–20
- 1
Results
- ResultTotal of the first roll (dice sum + modifier).
- 10
- Individual Dice
- 3, 4
- All Rolls
- 3, 4
- Minimum Possible
- 5
- Maximum Possible
- 15
- Expected Average
- 10.0
Step by step
- 1Roll 2d6+3= Dice: [3, 4]
- 2Sum of dice= 7
- 3Apply modifier (+3)= 10
- 4Result= 10 (range 5–15, average 10)
Assumptions and limits
- The result is derived only from the 2 inputs listed above. Anything not among them is not part of the calculation.
- In particular, this calculator does not take inflation, tax, fees or charges or compounding frequency into account.
- Figures are rounded for display to 1 decimal place, so totals built from several rounded parts can differ slightly from the unrounded arithmetic.
How these calculators are built and tested is described on the Methodology page. If a figure looks wrong, please report it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why use crypto randomness instead of Math.random()?
Math.random() is a pseudorandom number generator seeded at startup. Its sequence is deterministic given the same seed, and in some environments it can be predicted or replicated. crypto.getRandomValues() uses hardware entropy (interrupt timing, CPU noise) and is specified to be cryptographically secure and unpredictable. For dice rolls where fairness matters, it's the right choice.
What is 'advantage' in D&D 5e?
Advantage means you roll 2d20 and take the higher result. Disadvantage means you take the lower. To simulate this, roll two d20s (set notation to '1d20' and Number of Rolls to 2), then take the higher or lower result manually. A future version of this calculator may add drop-lowest / keep-highest notation.
What do common dice abbreviations mean?
d4 (tetrahedron), d6 (cube), d8 (octahedron), d10 (pentagonal trapezohedron), d12 (dodecahedron), d20 (icosahedron), d100 (percentile, 2d10 or a 100-sided die). The 'd' stands for 'die' or 'dice'.
Can I roll more than one set?
Yes — use the 'Number of Rolls' field. This is useful for rolling damage for multiple enemies at once, or generating ability scores (4d6, drop lowest — rolled 6 times for D&D character creation). The result shows all totals in the 'All Rolls' field.