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Freight class in the North American LTL system is driven primarily by density in pounds per cubic foot: dense freight is cheap to move per pound and gets a low class number, while light bulky freight occupies trailer space and gets a high one.
Freight density
density = weight / volume; class bands run from 50 (over 50 pcf) to 400 (under 1 pcf)
No. Stowability, handling difficulty and liability also matter. A dense but hazardous or fragile item can be rated higher than density alone suggests.
The National Motor Freight Classification, which assigns each commodity a class. Density-based rating applies where a commodity has a density-scaled item number.