Work out graham law of diffusion instantly with clear inputs, formula shown and shareable results.
Graham's law makes diffusion rate inversely proportional to the square root of molar mass, so rate1/rate2 = sqrt(M2/M1). Hydrogen at 2.016 g/mol diffuses 3.98 times faster than oxygen at 32. The square root is why the effect is milder than the mass difference suggests, and why uranium enrichment by gaseous diffusion needs thousands of stages.
Graham's law
rate1 / rate2 = sqrt(M2 / M1)
Effusion time
t1 / t2 = sqrt(M1 / M2)
Because at the same temperature all molecules share the same average kinetic energy, so heavier ones must move more slowly.
It was, for uranium hexafluoride. The mass difference gives a rate ratio of only 1.0043, so thousands of cascade stages were required.