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A moving object is measured shorter along its direction of travel by the Lorentz factor: L = L0/gamma. At 0.8c gamma is 1.667, so a 100 m rod measures 60 m. The contraction is real in the measuring frame but the object's own rest length is unchanged - it is the geometry of spacetime, not compression.
Length contraction
L = L0 / gamma
Lorentz factor
gamma = 1 / sqrt(1 - v^2/c^2)
No. Nothing about the object changes; different frames simply disagree about simultaneity, which is what measuring a length requires.
Only along the motion. Transverse dimensions are unaffected, which is why a moving sphere is measured as an oblate ellipsoid.