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Manned guarding is priced per delivered hour, but costed hours must include a relief factor of around 22% for leave, sickness and training so that cover is never dropped. Pricing on delivered hours alone leaves the relief cost unrecovered.
Monthly guard hours
Hours = Positions x Hours per day x 30.44
Costed hours
Costed = Delivered hours x 1.22 relief factor
Price
Price = Costed hours x Hourly cost / (1 - Target margin %)
Because manned guarding is labour pass-through with little differentiation. Margins of 12-20% are typical and competitive tenders push them lower.
Unfunded overtime when relief is inadequate, and statutory wage increases mid-contract without an escalation clause.