Estimate how far a golf shot travels.
Distance starts with ball speed, which is clubhead speed multiplied by smash factor — the efficiency of the strike, around 1.45 for a well-struck driver and lower off-centre. Carry then scales with ball speed, penalised for launching away from the optimum near 13 degrees, and boosted by roughly 2% per 300 metres of altitude as thinner air reduces drag. Roll adds about 8% on a typical fairway.
Carry from ball speed
Ball speed = clubhead speed x smash factor; carry yards = ball speed x 1.75 x launch efficiency x altitude factor; total = carry x 1.08
These figures are population-average estimates for training and recreational planning only and are not medical advice. Individual responses vary widely. Consult a qualified health professional before starting or significantly changing an exercise programme, particularly if you have any medical condition. Official dimensions, rules and timings should be confirmed against the governing body for your sport.
Roughly 230-250 yards of carry with a solid strike and sensible launch conditions. Poor contact costs distance through smash factor before launch angle even matters.
Ball speed divided by clubhead speed. It measures strike quality — 1.45-1.50 is efficient with a driver, and centre contact matters more than swinging harder.
Yes. Thinner air reduces drag, adding roughly 2% per 300 metres, which is why courses in Denver or Mexico City play noticeably shorter.