Work out smoking prevalence impact instantly with clear inputs, formula shown and shareable results.
Applies Levin's population attributable fraction to smoking prevalence and relative risk, then converts it into attributable and avoidable deaths.
Attributable deaths
PAF = p(RR - 1) / (1 + p(RR - 1)); attributable deaths = PAF x annual deaths
Risk persists for years after quitting and former smokers remain at raised risk, so benefits accrue over decades.
Cause-specific values: around 15 to 25 for lung cancer but nearer 2 for all-cause mortality.