Score your study environment for focus.
The dominant cost in a study environment is not noise but interruption, because each break costs several minutes of re-establishing context rather than only the seconds it lasted. Interruptions are priced at four minutes of lost focus and phone checks at one and a half, which is what turns a nominal hour into perhaps forty usable minutes. Noise and ergonomics are then applied as penalties on top, since both degrade sustained concentration without stopping it outright. The usable-minutes figure is the practically useful output.
Focus time
Lost minutes = interruptions x 4 + phone checks x 1.5, capped at 60; focus = 60 - lost
Score
Score = focus minutes as a percentage of the hour, less the noise and ergonomics penalties
Because attention has to be rebuilt. Task-switching research consistently finds several minutes of degraded performance after an interruption, which is why five short interruptions can cost most of an hour's effective work.
For routine work often yes; for reading and problem solving usually not, particularly with lyrics. Treat music as part of the noise level rather than as neutral.