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Approach speed starts from Vref, which is 1.3 times the landing configuration stall speed, scaled by the square root of the weight ratio because stall speed scales that way. The usual gust additive is half the gust increment, capped around 20 knots, and it is bled off before the flare.
Approach speed
Vref = 1.3 x Vso x sqrt(weight ratio); Vapp = Vref + gust/2
Aviation results are planning estimates only. Always verify take-off, landing, fuel, weight and balance figures against the certified Aircraft Flight Manual, current performance charts and applicable aviation regulations before flight.
It gives enough margin against a sudden loss of airspeed while limiting the extra landing distance that carrying speed costs.
No. Most techniques call for the additive to be reduced through the flare so touchdown happens close to Vref.