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Capacitors in series behave like resistors in parallel: 1/Ctotal = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3. Every capacitor carries the same charge, so the smallest capacitance takes the largest share of the voltage — which is why series strings need balancing resistors.
Series capacitance
1/Ctotal = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3; each capacitor holds the same charge Q = Ctotal x V
Electrical results are planning estimates only. Verify against the applicable wiring rules (IEC 60364, BS 7671, NEC or local code) and have all installation work designed and checked by a qualified electrician.
To raise the working voltage above what a single part can withstand, common in high-voltage DC links and photoflash circuits.
Leakage currents differ between parts, so without a resistor across each one the voltage drifts and the weakest capacitor eventually sees too much.