Work out series battery voltage instantly with clear inputs, formula shown and shareable results.
Cells in series add their voltages while capacity in amp-hours stays that of a single cell. Energy is the product, so a 13S pack of 5 Ah cells at 3.7 V nominal stores 240 Wh at 48.1 V. The charge voltage limit is what the BMS actually enforces.
Series pack
Vpack = cells x Vcell; Ah unchanged; Wh = Vpack x Ah
Electrical results are planning estimates only. Verify against the applicable wiring rules (IEC 60364, BS 7671, NEC or local code) and have all installation work designed and checked by a qualified electrician.
The same current passes through every cell, so the pack runs out when the first cell does. Only voltage accumulates.
Small capacity differences mean cells diverge over cycles. Without balancing the weakest cell hits its limit first and caps the whole pack.