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Applies the lot quality assurance sampling rule: a lot is rejected when the number of shortfalls in a small sample exceeds the decision value.
LQAS decision rule
Accept the lot if observed shortfalls are at or below the decision value; reject otherwise. Sample sizes of 19 with a decision value derived from the coverage target are standard
It is the smallest sample that classifies coverage against common thresholds with acceptable error rates, which makes supervision affordable.
Not precisely for a single lot; it classifies lots, and aggregating lots gives a coverage estimate.