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Most jurisdictions band speeding by the percentage over the limit rather than the absolute excess, because 20 km/h over in a 30 zone is far more dangerous than in a 110 zone. This models a base fine plus a per-km/h escalation with the usual three severity bands.
Speeding fine
fine = base + excess x rate per km/h; severity from the percentage over the limit
Because risk scales with the relative excess. In the UK, bands A, B and C correspond to roughly 1-20%, 20-45% and over 45% above the limit.
In many countries yes. The UK bands fines as a percentage of weekly income, and Finland and Switzerland scale them to total income without a cap.