Free Travel Time Between Cities calculator with clear step-by-step results.
Door-to-door time is cruise time plus a fixed overhead that varies enormously by mode - ten minutes for a car against two and a half hours for a flight once check-in, security and airport transfers are counted. The effective speed figure is what reveals when a train beats a plane.
In-motion time
Minutes = distance / cruise speed x 60
Door to door
Total = (in-motion + fixed overhead + stops x minutes per stop) x (1 + delay allowance)
Typically above 600-800 km against high-speed rail, and above about 400 km against conventional rail. Below that, airport overhead more than cancels the cruise advantage.
Door to door, roughly - it is loading and parking. But the delay allowance matters far more for driving than for rail, so raise it for urban departures at peak times.