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Exposure at the sensor is proportional to illumination times exposure time divided by the square of the f-number. Halving exposure time or closing one full stop each double the light needed, which is why fast-moving inspection with good depth of field demands very bright strobed lighting.
Illumination scaling
required lux proportional to (reference exposure / exposure) x (f-number / reference)^2
Gain amplifies noise as well as signal, degrading measurement repeatability. Light is almost always cheaper than losing precision.
Strobing puts all the energy into the short exposure window, freezing motion and letting the LEDs run far above their continuous rating.