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Yield From Multiple Steps Calculator

Work out yield from multiple steps instantly with clear inputs, formula shown and shareable results.

About Yield From Multiple Steps Calculator

Sequential step yields multiply, so three steps at 98%, 96% and 99% give an overall yield of 93.1%, not 97.7%. To finish a target quantity you must start the target divided by overall yield, which is how release quantities are set in multi-stage manufacturing.

Formulas

Multi-step yield

Overall yield = y1 x y2 x y3

Release quantity

Starts required = target output / overall yield

Worked example

With the default values below, Yield From Multiple Steps Calculator returns Overall Process Yield of 93.1392%. Change any input above and every figure here is recalculated in your browser.

Inputs used

Step 1 Yieldaccepts 0.01–100 %
98 %
Step 2 Yieldaccepts 0.01–100 %
96 %
Step 3 Yieldaccepts 0.01–100 %
99 %
Units Startedminimum 0.01
10,000

Results

Overall Process Yield
93.1392%
Good Units Out
9,313.9
Units Lost
686.1
Starts Needed For That Output
10,736.6

Step by step

  1. 1Values used
  2. 2Multi-step yield
  3. 3Release quantity
  4. 4Overall Process Yield= 93.1392
  5. 5Good Units Out= 9,313.9
  6. 6Units Lost= 686.1
  7. 7Starts Needed For That Output= 10,736.6

Assumptions and limits

  • The result is derived only from the 4 inputs listed above. Anything not among them is not part of the calculation.
  • In particular, this calculator does not take inflation, tax, fees or charges or compounding frequency into account.
  • Figures are rounded for display to 4 decimal places, so totals built from several rounded parts can differ slightly from the unrounded arithmetic.

How these calculators are built and tested is described on the Methodology page. If a figure looks wrong, please report it.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does a long process punish small yield losses?

Twenty steps at 99% each give only 81.8% overall. In semiconductor and electronics manufacturing with hundreds of steps, per-step yield must reach 99.99% for a viable line.

Should rework be included in step yield?

Report both. Step yield after rework flatters the process; first-pass yield at each step shows where the real losses are and where to improve.

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